Material Use in Teaching English

  The Framework presented by Garrison and Shin basically talks about the variables/ presences that should exist in distance education to teach & learn as effectively as possible. So what are these presences? Let's look at below and continue: 1- Social Presence: Social Presence supports the idea that the feeling of togetherness in distance education should be created. As students have online lessons for a long while because of the pandemic, they haven't seen each other. This may result in lack of motivation and eagerness. Instead of anonymous names or just photos behind the boring screen, teachers can create an environment as if they were in class together. For example, it's possible to motivate students and have them actively participate in the class with warm-ups at the very beginning of the lesson. This will create not only a sense of being together but also turn the lesson into a catchy activity. 2- Transactional Presence: Transactional Presence evolves when studen

  The Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning aka CTML supports the idea that when people build mental figures or portraits from words and pictures they encounter, multimedia learning occurs. According to the theory, people learn more deeply from words and pictures than from words alone, however, just adding some pictures to the words is not enough to achieve the multimedia learning. The main goal, we can say, is instructional design to facilitate multimedia learning. In general, the theory deals with the explanation of the processes that take place in human minds during the learning from multimedia instruction.